Behavior Modification In My Life

The three instances where I observe behaviorism in action is related to my home. I am a single parent of two. I have a son 21 and daughter 19 who still live at home. We work as a team and behaving appropriately is imperative. Instance 1: Though my children are very close to me and share all aspects of their lives with me, they expect me to leave them alone when they are with their friends.I have observed all the time from their facial expressions and gestures that whenever their friends come to our house, they expect me to leave them alone and not be a part of their group at that point of time.In this instance, the attitude of my children forces me to behave in the way, I do. My interactions with their friends are limited to a few customary greetings. I don’t need anyone to tell me to go the other room, because I automatically head towards other portions of my house when the young guests are around. This is because â€Å"Many attitudes are so well established and so frequentl y used that people can express them and act on them without a second thought. † (Smith and Mackie, 2002, p. 249)Instance 2: Whenever any three of us are late, the other two expects the late comer to inform how much time would he/she take to return back home and whether it would be possible for him/her to take the dinner with the family. In this instance the principle of commitment guide us to behave the way we do. Smith and Mackie rightly observed, â€Å"It’s not only our commitments to others that leads us†¦. Our commitment to maintaining a positive view of ourselves helps too. † (2000, p. 392) By keeping other members of our group informed, all the three of us not only reduce other members’ anxiety but also make them know how caring we are.This may cause each one of us some discomfort like talking on the mobile while driving, which is certainly not an acceptable behavior or excusing ourselves from an important lecture for a while which means loosing some precious moments, but we do it any way. Hence in order to project ourselves in a certain manner we slightly go out of the way which is unacceptable from not only the point of view of common norms but to our inner self too. Instance 3: Each one of us expect the other two members of our families to do their share of work and not overload just one person for the upkeep of the house.Though my daughter does not particularly like cleaning her room or washing the clothes, she does it half-heartedly. In this instance, the behavioral principle of obedience forces her to behave in a certain manner which she somewhat dislikes. She routinely engages in the cleaning activities, which strengthens the viewpoint that she is submitting to authority. In this case that authority is not only me, the parent but also the way in which we as a family are expected to behave to make life easier for each other.She does not want to loose the sanctity of a quiet and well-behaved family of ours by her regu lar cribbing about the activities she dislikes. Thus she abides by the rules of the family. The impact of behaviorism in popular culture has both negative and positive implications. We behave in a certain manner because we see others behaving in that manner. In the words of Mixon, â€Å"†¦behavior is the product of association. † (para. 11) Hence when we see others behaving properly we automatically follow their behavior. For example we don’t speak in a library when all the others are quiet. This is a positive implication of behaviorism.However we fall prey to bad behavior too, by seeing others. For example it is not good to litter a park but we don’t follow rules when we are in a park, where we see others have already littered it. This is a negative implication of behaviorism. Hence behaviorism conditions us and we get conditioned in both positive and negative ways. References Smith, E. R. , Mackie, D. M. (2 Ed. ). (2000) Social Psychology. USA: Psychology Press. Wagner, K. V. (2008). Retrieved Jan. 21, 2007 from http://psychology. about. com/od/behavioralpsychology/f/behaviorism. htm Mixon, C. (2008). Retrieved Jan. 21, 2007 from http://www. barkingdogs. net/bmod. shtml

Venus of Urbino vs. Olympia

Sam Bugay Intro to Visual Arts Bryce Speed November 30, 2012 Faces of Sexuality Sexuality has been a face of a rt for many centuries. Olympia by Edouard Manet and Venus of Urbino by Titian represent the face for female domination and the ability to lure men. As we look at these two different faces of sexuality, we will briefly touch on the artist’s lives, and explore the content of the two works. Edouard Manet was born in Paris in 1832. He was considered to be the founder of modern art as well as a master interpreter of visual arts. His works were â€Å"spontaneous, monumental, and realistic. Although Manet was born into a more privileged class, he chose to portray lower classes or the less desirable people of Paris. He commonly reflected everyday scenarios such as construction workers, street singers, and beggars in his art work. Manet’s artwork never dwindled in value or passion. The Bar at Folies-Bergere, one of his best known works, was painted a year before his death in 1883. Tiziano Vecelli, Titian in English, was born in 1448. Titian was regarded as one of the greatest painters of the Renaissance in Venice. He is best known for his religious arts, portraiture, and mastery of color.He had released over 600 works of art which included some of the best Renaissance paintings and drawings. As an artist, Titian explored new themes to portray and new uses of color which added to his reputation as leading painter in Venice at that time. Titian died in 1576. Venus of Urbino, painted in 1538 by Titian, is considered to be one of the most famous nude female paintings i n art history (6). Venus of Urbino is an oil-on-canvas painting located in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence (3). The painting is of a nude female lying on a bed in a Renaissance palace. The woman is painted wearing a bracelet, earrings, and a ring.In her left hand she holds a small bouquet of red roses. Two maids and a small dog are in the room with the woman. Secret seduction and marriage are two themes that could be related to this painting. According to (6), Venus of Urbino is the â€Å"iconic version of the reclining nude female. † The woman in the painting is believed by many historians to be the goddess of love, Venus. Venus of Urbino was commissioned by the Duke of Urbino for his young wife, and is believed to support the idea of marriage and marital obligations. The painting is said to celebrate marital love and the physical intimacy between the husband and wife.A clue to support this is the small dog at the foot of the bed. The dog symbolizes marital fidelity. Another clue is the housemaid standing in the background. She symbolizes motherhood. The standing maid is watching over a younger maid while she rummages through a large chest. The chest is referred to as a â€Å"cassone. † A cassone was often given as a wedding gift in Italy, and was usually where the wife stored her clothes. Final clues to support the idea of marital love are the small bouquet the woman holds, and a small myrtle tree in the window seal.The bouquet of roses symbolizes love. The myrtle tree symbolizes undying love and commitment, and was a Hebrew symbol of marriage (7). Venus of Urbino is â€Å"often cited as the origin of many of western art’s most controversial images† (6). Many historians believe that the woman in the painting does not depict Venus, rather a model from that time. They justify this by saying that the woman shows no characteristics of the goddess she is said to be. There are several clues to support the belief of secret seduction to be a theme for the painting Venus of Urbino.To begin, the woman painted does not seem to be unattainable, often a characteristic of Venus. (6) suggested that the woman â€Å"is both available and deliberately tempting. † Her piercing stare emanates the idea of sexuality. Her body is tilting forward, exposing her neck, and initiating the idea of suggestion or demand. The way she covers her pelvic region is a final clue to support the idea of secret seduction. Some historians believe she covers herself in modesty. Others believe that Titian intended to suggest that the woman was masturbating or playing with a strand of pubic hair (6).Ultimately, that is for the viewer to decide. â€Å"Although the nude body has been visual art’s most enduring and universal subject, it has often spurred conflict. † This quote proves especially true when referencing the painting Olympia. Olympia is an oil-on-canvas painting, painted by Edouard Manet in 1863. The painting is of a nude woman reclining on a bed. She is seen wearing a bracelet, earrings, shoes, a black ribbon around her necks, and an orchid in her hair. The woman is accompanied by a maid holding flowers, and a black cat at the foot of the bed.The objections to Olympia began when the painting was submitted to the French Salon in 1865. The controversy evolved from the realism of the subject matter: the woman Manet depicted was a courtesan. According to reference. com, a courtesan refers to a mistress who is associated with wealthy or powerful men. What shocked the critics wasn’t that the woman was nude, but that she gazed so boldly at the viewer. This scene wasn’t typically displayed. The woman Manet was a real woman from Paris believed to be Victorine Meurent. Two themes Olympia could represent are prostitution and domination.Many details contribute to the idea of prostitution as a possible theme. To begin, the maid is presenting the courtesan with a large bouquet of flowers. The flower s are presumed to be from a client. The bored expression on the woman’s face gives way to think that this isn’t the first time she has received a high priced gift. The black cat at the foot of the bed symbolizes prostitution too. Around the 15th century, brothels were frequently referred to as a â€Å"cathouse. † Brothels were early century houses for men to visit to pay for sexual encounters with strange women. Manet also paints the woman wearing shoes.This symbolizes â€Å"streetwalking†, which refers to the act of soliciting dates on the street. Another possible theme for Olympia is domination. The model depicted shows the characteristics of a strong and independent woman. She stares in the direction one may assume the door would be, almost as if a client, in this case, you, has barged in unannounced. She stares directly at the viewer demanding attention and respect. This shocked viewers because it was scandalous for a woman to stare directly at someon e at that time. She also shows domination over men by the way she â€Å"firmly protects† her pelvic region.

The importance of understanding how people form perceptions and make Case Study

The importance of understanding how people form perceptions and make attributions about others with his employees - Case Study Example The social learning theory of Bandura (1997) would be most appropriate for Joe to apply in this situation. This theory would help Joe to alter the behaviors and the attitudes of his sales team. By continuous efforts, his sales team would gain more motivation; Joe would come in a better position to understand the psychological traits and behavioral attributes of his employees in a certain environment of competition and stress. It would be an ideal opportunity for Joe to implement this theory in his organization as this would help him to attain his goals in a defined time period without causing stress on his employees. As a result, his employees are expected to become more productive and thus, would generate more sales to the company. Joe can effectively improve the performance of his employees by implementing this theory. Firstly, Joe would positively influence the mindset of his employees which would directly influence on their abilities. Secondly, this theory would also help Joe to design better environment for work and learning. This would help Joe to gain feedback of his employees and remain in constant support for them. This will allow the employees to develop increased self-efficacy and to maximize the productivity. Self-efficacy enables organizations and the leaders to get the maximum out of their employees. High level of self-efficacy enables employee to be more productive when they are motivated by their employers. Joe should realize the fact that self-efficacy either high or low, is the outcome of workers’ perception of their employer’s behavior (positive or negative), their commitment towards fulfillment of company’s goals and the environment (Hellriegel, 2011). Joe needs to understand the fact that the more he will be involved with his employees, the more productive they would become. Motivation and positive behavior of an employer play a significant role in determining the success of an

Marijuana- illegal or legal What is best for Hawaii Research Paper

Marijuana- illegal or legal What is best for Hawaii - Research Paper Example It was also commonly used as an intoxicant in this period. However, a campaign by the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, portraying it as an addictive and powerful substance that acted as a gateway drug led to its illegalization. It became a symbol of authority rebellion for hippies and college students in the 60s. Along with LSD and heroin, marijuana was classified as a schedule 1 drug in 1970 through the Controlled Substances Act, which classed it as possessing high potential; for abuse with no accepted use in medicine. The Bush and Reagan â€Å"zero tolerance† era saw the passage of strict regulations and sentences for marijuana possession and increased surveillance of cross-border smuggling (Joffe & Yancy 637). This brought a shift to reliance on domestic marijuana cultivation in California and Hawaii. However, expanded crackdowns saw another shift towards indoor growing; leading to a decade of falling marijuana use. However, its use saw a revival in the 90s, which l eveled off in the 2000s. Where We Are Today In Hawaii With Marijuana? On 8th March, 2011, the state senate passed five bills related to marijuana. Senate Bill 58 increased marijuana amounts that an individual could carry to allow them carry 5 ounces or grow 10 plants at any given time (Cooper & Daws 276). The bill was also meant to protect the confidentiality of patients and address issues concerning marijuana transport. Bill 113, in turn, provided for a marijuana research program of three years, which would be conducted in Hawaii involving local marijuana users and qualified researchers. Bill 175, should it be passed into law, would see a shift in authority of marijuana laws to the Health Department from the Public Safety Department. Bill 1458 aims to create three class levels for licensing purposes: the first is â€Å"compassion centers that will be responsible for the dispensation of marijuana, the second for cultivation centers, and the third for the sale of infused marijuana ( Cooper & Daws 279). One of the most essential steps towards marijuana legalization is Bill 1460, which seeks to decriminalize any amount of marijuana that is less than one ounce. The bill also proposes that requirements that currently call for reporting of students in possession of marijuana be cancelled if they are caught in possession of less than an ounce of marijuana (Cooper & Daws 280). The five bills in the Senate are widely supported with two among them seeing unanimous approval with the other three facing a maximum of two no votes. These bills are expected to continue towards House approval. According to a number of senators, the economic conditions, money spent on arrests, drastic debts in the state, and the proven effects of medical marijuana make it high time to learn from the decriminalization in Colorado. In addition, if law enforcement and state government should put their efforts towards proper taxation, rather than prosecuting and prohibiting distributors, growers, a nd users so as to provide revenue that is required to improve the debt in the state (Cooper & Daws 281). The recent support given by senate is a sign that this is agreed on by a majority of the senators. Marijuana as a Legal Drug Uses of Marijuana There are various methods of marijuana administration, such as smoking of dried buds, vaporizing, taking capsules, and eating or drinking extracts

Ethnic Minorities. Choose an ethnic minority in a population not u.s Essay

Ethnic Minorities. Choose an ethnic minority in a population not u.s. or canada. Describe basic info, where they live population - Essay Example The Neolithic culture, which they brought with them, is still evident in the rice terraces, cloth weaving and the use of iron implements. Scholars differ in their contentions of the mountain people’s ancestors, however, a noticeable number supports the contention that the ancestors of the mountain people came from the South East Asia Mainland. In the process of settling down, the early settlers became geographically isolated from one another. The long period of isolation and adaptation to the environment gave rise to variations of culture. Akin to other kinds of culture, distance has caused differences. Over time, the territories have made them stay in their respective tribes. An individual who would wander or dare to cross boundaries would have dire consequences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Igorots or â€Å"mountain people† as they are called by their lowland counterparts refer to the people living the mountainous parts of Central Luzon in the Philippines. It is an au tonomous country in Southeast Asia. Some of its known neighbors are Taiwan, China, Borneo, Vietnam, and Indonesia (Peters 7). The nation’s name was derived from Spain’s King. Phillip II ruled Spain during the islands’ discovery by Ruy Villalobos. ... The region’s economy mainly involves farming, mining, and tourism. Most of the agricultural products are vegetables such as potato, beans, and other leafy greens. The Cordilleras is also the major producer of highland vegetables of the entire Philippines. This is because of is very fertile lands and cool climate. Some of the region’s minerals are gold and silver. The Igorot Mountains are also attracting lots of tourist from all over the world. Aside from having the Banue Rice Terraces, which is considered to be the Eighth Wonder of the World, it has lots of natural and manmade wonders. These majestic places include the Sagada Caves, the hanging coffins and mummies of Benguet, the cool, pine filled climate of Baguio City also known as the Summer Capital of the Philippines, the Strawberry fields of La Trinidad, otherwise known as the Salad bowl of the Philippines, the hot springs of Asin and a lot more. It is also a host of a large number of mountain climbers since it con tains the second highest mountain in the Philippines, Mt. Pulag. Igorots’ settling locations have been concentrated in one area. However, the different subgroups have occupied different divisions. The closeness of their geographical aspects have ensued some similarities in their practices. However, the slight environmental dissimilarities have caused diversity among the mountain people. Interestingly, enculturation have transpired over time. The Igorots have also been proven to build stone walls, dams, and canals that still puzzle engineers. These hydraulic works were shaped from stones greater in bulk than those of the Great Wall of China ( . Specifically, the mountain people mostly live in the region’s southern, eastern, and central expanses. Those who live in Mountain Province are called

Superpave Binder Specifications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Superpave Binder Specifications - Essay Example The distresses include fatigue, thermal cracking, and rutting. Tests related to performance were essentially applied to address the three distresses. The distresses are attributed to climate changes. Another specification is grade selection. The grade selection specification entails the determination of temperature extremes for the performance of the pavement. Typically, pavement performs under a certain range of temperatures (Texas Department of Transportation). The grade can be established by indicating the low or high temperatures for pavement performance. Distress and tests form another specification in which the binder and pavement life become predictable when the pavement lasts long enough. Testing for compliance is important to establish the PG binder grade. This is done through classification and verification for unknown and known PG grade respectively (Texas Department of Transportation). The proper binder grade for Bowling Green, Kentucky area is selected based on the Super pave aggregate requirements. The pavements have to satisfy the compaction requirements, which are unusual. The binder grade needs to have at least 92 percent of solid density (The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials). This would be due to the unusual compaction requirements that would be applied (The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials). Segregation may be used to describe various phenomena, but it is typically short of homogeneity in the constituents of hot mix asphalt for the in-place mat. It has such a magnitude to an extent that there is an expectation of pavement distresses that are highly accelerated. The segregation of HMA pavements is a major problem because it results in poor performances in many pavements (Cross and Brown, 1).

Seperate paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Seperate paper - Essay Example time, 14-year old students who eat French Fries three times per week will gain at least two more pounds than students who eat French Fries twice a week. The 14-year old students in this experiment are samples. Objective of the experiment is to achieve the inferences for the entire population based on analysis of data received upon conducting experiments with the samples. The first task is to determine the number of samples required to conduct the experiment. This depends on the task of the experiment. The task of the experiment is to establish a relationship between body weight calories intake from French fries during a fixed period of time. This can be expressed in the mathematical form as; Body weight = Æ’ (Calorie from French fries). Thus, three basic parameters for this experiment are; Body weight, Calories, and Time. If, Y = Body weight, X = Calorie, and t = time; then the function is Y t = Æ’ (X) while â€Å"t† is fixed. 14-year boys are samples of this experiment. Each sample is considered as a member of the population. In this experiment, individual member of the population is considered identical. Since individual members of the population are identical, then characteristics of the population can be derived based on one specimen. We have selected eight specimens from the following ethnic groups; White, Black, Hispanic, Asian. Specimen from each ethnic group was selected using probability sampling out of 50 samples from each ethnic group. In selecting specimens, initial weights and heights of the specimens were not taken into considerations. Nevertheless, for all specimens both parameters were within very close ranges. We divided each 4 samples in two groups: group A, and group B. Each sample group consisted 14-year boys from ethnics background; White, Black, Hispanic, Asian. We identified that there are two types variables that describe the purpose of the experiment, and verify the result. These variables are; controlled variables, and experimental